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Murder of pregnant women is a type of homicide often resulting from domestic violence. Domestic violence, or intimate partner violence (IPV), is suffered by many people and in the majority of cases where the victim comes forward the victim is a woman. For many of these women the fear of harm includes not just themselves but their unborn child as well. Pregnancy-associated death has become more commonly termed as pregnancy-associated homicide.〔Campbell, JC, Glass, N, Sharps, PW, Laughon, K, and Bloom, T (2007) Intimate Partner Homicide: Review and Implications of Research and Policy. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. (8), 246-269.〕 Recently, more focus has been placed on pregnancy-associated deaths due to violence.〔Martin, SL, Macy, RJ, Sullivan, K, and Magee, ML (2007) Pregnancy-Associated Violent Deaths: The Role of Intimate Partner Violence. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. (8), 135-148.〕 IPV may begin when the victim becomes pregnant.〔Parker, B, McFarlane, J, and Soeken, K (1994) Abuse During Pregnancy: Effects on Maternal Complications and Birth Weight in Adult and Teenage Women. Obstet Gynecol. 323-328.〕 Research has shown that abuse while pregnant is a red flag for pregnancy-associated homicide.〔 The murder of pregnant women represents a relatively recently studied class of murder. Limited statistics are available as there is no reliable system in place yet to track such cases. Whether pregnancy is a causal factor is hard to determine. ==Statistics== Among many other studies,〔Homicide, suicide outpace traditional causes of death in pregnant, postpartum women, Oct. 20, 201, Georgia Health Sciences University http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111020191854.ht〕〔Homicide a leading cause of death in pregnant women.(ContinuingEducation) http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Homicide+a+leading+cause+of+death+in+pregnant+women.+%28Continuing...-a080055987〕〔A 2001 study published by the Journal of the American Medical Association said 20 percent of Maryland women who died during pregnancy were murdered. Researchers found the same trend in New York from 1987-1991 and in the Chicago area from 1986-1989. According to the CDC, approximately 324,000 pregnant women are hurt by an intimate partner or former partner each year.〕 a study done by Isabelle Horon, DrPH, of the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene that looked at pregnancy-associated deaths from 1993 to 1998 found that homicide was the leading cause of death in women who were pregnant. Homicides accounted for 20% of deaths, compared to 6% of deaths among non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Heart disease was found to be the second leading cause of death for pregnant women accounting for 19% of deaths during pregnancy.〔http://www.webmd.com/baby/news/20010320/number-1-cause-of-death-in-pregnant-women-murder〕 ABC News claim that about 20 percent of women who die during pregnancy are victims of murder.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Murder Is One of Top Causes of Death for Pregnant Women )〕 However, according to the CDC "The pregnancy-associated homicide ratio was 1.7 per 100,000 live births".〔http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/violence/〕 In other words, the chances of a pregnant woman being murdered was around 0.0017%.〔citiation needed〕 However, a study by Jeani Chang and coworkers, published in the American Journal of Public Health, showed that pregnancy associated deaths reported by the CDC underestimate the problem. According to their data, the rate in Maryland is 10.5 per 100,000 live births, a much higher figure.〔Chang J, Berg CJ, Saltzman, LE, Herndon J. Homicide: a leading cause of injury deaths among pregnant and postpartum women in the United States, 1991–1999. Am J Public Health. 2005;95:471–477 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449445/〕 Isabelle Horon and Diana Cheng published a Maryland study in 2001 in the Journal of the American Medical Association which found "a pregnant or recently pregnant woman is more likely to be a victim of homicide than to die of any other cause":〔 ()he killings span racial and ethnic groups. In cases whose details were known, 67 percent of women were killed with firearms. Many women were slain at home — in bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens — usually by men they knew. Husbands. Boyfriends. Lovers.〔 The suggestion that this is the primary cause of prenatal maternal death, however, suffers a lack of fully reliable data. Homicide was the second-leading cause of death among women ages 20 to 24 and fifth among women ages 25–34 in 1999. The top cause of death in both age groups is accidents. In 2003, California changed its death certificate documentation to include a female victim's maternity status.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Murder of pregnant women」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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